{"id":5624,"date":"2013-03-04T20:01:27","date_gmt":"2013-03-04T19:01:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/soerenkern.com\/?p=5624"},"modified":"2014-05-26T20:08:36","modified_gmt":"2014-05-26T19:08:36","slug":"spain-burqa-ban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/soerenkern.com\/web\/2013\/03\/04\/spain-burqa-ban\/","title":{"rendered":"Spain: Supreme Court Overturns Burqa Ban"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/soerenkern.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/spain-lerida-burkas.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5625\" src=\"https:\/\/soerenkern.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/spain-lerida-burkas.jpg\" alt=\"spain lerida burkas\" width=\"646\" height=\"418\" srcset=\"https:\/\/soerenkern.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/spain-lerida-burkas.jpg 646w, https:\/\/soerenkern.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/spain-lerida-burkas-300x194.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 646px) 100vw, 646px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>The Spanish Supreme Court has ruled that a municipal ordinance banning the wearing of Islamic burqas in public spaces is unconstitutional.<\/em><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>Spain: Supreme Court Overturns Burqa Ban<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Soeren Kern | <a title=\"Spain: Supreme Court Overturns Burqa Ban\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gatestoneinstitute.org\/3610\/spain-burqa-ban\" target=\"_blank\">Gatestone Institute<\/a> | March 4, 2013<\/p>\n<p>The Spanish Supreme Court has ruled that a municipal ordinance banning the wearing of Islamic burqas in public spaces is unconstitutional.<\/p>\n<p>In its <a href=\"http:\/\/www.poderjudicial.es\/stfls\/SALA%20DE%20PRENSA\/NOVEDADES\/Sentencia-Uso%20burka-Lleida.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">56-page ruling<\/a>, which was made public on February 28, the Madrid-based Supreme Court (<em>Tribunal Supremo<\/em>) said the Catalan city of L\u00e9rida exceeded its authority when it imposed a burqa ban in December 2010.<\/p>\n<p>The court said the ban on burqas, a traditional Islamic costume that covers women from head to toe, \u201cconstitutes a limitation to the fundamental right to the exercise of the freedom of religion, which is guaranteed by the Spanish Constitution.\u201d It said that the limitation of a fundamental right can only be achieved through laws at the national level, and not through local ordinances.<\/p>\n<p>The decision, which the court said addressed a \u201cprofoundly political problem,\u201d represents a significant victory for Muslims in Spain. Although it is unclear how many women actually wear the burqa in Spain, the ruling denotes a big step forward in continuing efforts to establish Islam as a mainstream religious and political system in the country.<\/p>\n<p>In recent years, more than a dozen municipalities in Spain have enacted burqa bans and other legal measures to push back against the ongoing Islamization of Spanish society. The rise of Islam has been especially notable in the Spanish autonomous region of Catalonia, which is home to the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gatestoneinstitute.org\/1731\/barcelona-islamist-stronghold\" target=\"_blank\">largest concentration of radical Islamists in Europe<\/a>, and has emerged as ground-zero for <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salafist_jihadism\" target=\"_blank\">Salafi-Jihadism<\/a> on the continent.<\/p>\n<p>Catalonia has 7.5 million inhabitants, including an estimated 450,000 Muslims, who account for 6% of the total Catalan population. In some Catalan towns and cities, however, the Muslim population now exceeds 40% of the population. In the case of L\u00e9rida (spelled Lleida in Catalan), 30,000 Muslims now make up more than 20% of the city\u2019s population.<\/p>\n<p>The demographic transformation of L\u00e9rida has been accompanied by all manner of Islam-related controversies, including forced marriages, genital mutilation of girls, the takeover of public streets and plazas for Muslim prayers, as well as the deployment of Muslim \u201cmorals police\u201d who seek to enforce Islamic Sharia law on city streets.<\/p>\n<p>In July 2011, two Islamic groups based in L\u00e9rida asked city officials to regulate the presence of dogs in public spaces so they do not \u201coffend Muslims.\u201d Muslims demanded that the animals (<a href=\"http:\/\/islamqa.com\/en\/ref\/69840\" target=\"_blank\">dogs are \u201cunclean\u201d animals<\/a> in Islamic theology) be banned from all forms of public transportation including all city buses as well as from all areas frequented by Muslim immigrants.<\/p>\n<p>Two months later, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gatestoneinstitute.org\/2480\/spain-dog-poisoning\" target=\"_blank\">dozens of dogs were poisoned<\/a> in L\u00e9rida\u2019s working class neighborhoods of Cappont and La Bordeta, districts that are heavily populated by Muslim immigrants and where many dogs have been killed in recent years.<\/p>\n<p>Residents taking their dogs for walks have also been harassed by Muslim immigrants opposed to seeing the animals in public. In response to the \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.europapress.es\/catalunya\/noticia-vecinos-bordeta-lleida-patrullan-incognito-denunciar-vandalos-20091005220030.html\" target=\"_blank\">lack of sufficient police to protect the neighborhood<\/a>,\u201d 50 local residents have established alternating six-person citizen patrols to escort people walking their dogs.<\/p>\n<p>In an effort to repel the Islamization of L\u00e9rida, city officials voted in October 2010 to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elperiodico.com\/es\/noticias\/sociedad\/20101209\/lleida-estrena-orgullosa-veto-del-burka-espacios-municipales\/616392.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">ban the burqa in all public spaces<\/a>. Women found violating the ban, which entered into effect in December 2010, were subject to fines of up to \u20ac600 ($750).<\/p>\n<p>In July 2011, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lavanguardia.com\/vida\/20101208\/54085020953\/el-tribunal-superior-de-justicia-de-catalunya-autoriza-la-prohibicion-del-burka-en-lleida-este.html\" target=\"_blank\">Supreme Court of Catalonia<\/a> rejected a lawsuit from the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.awlj.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Watani Association for Freedom and Justice<\/a>, a local Muslim group, which had argued that the ban constitutes religious discrimination. The regional court said the burqa ban was designed to maintain \u201cpublic order.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Watani appealed that decision to the Spanish Supreme Court, which met on February 6, 2013 to consider the matter. In siding with the Muslim appellants, the high court ruled on two separate aspects to the burqa ban.<\/p>\n<p>First, the court said the City of L\u00e9rida \u201cexceeded its authority\u201d in attempting to regulate the burqa through a municipal ordinance. The court said the burqa ban infringes on the constitutionally protected right to the freedom of religion, and thus it is a constitutional matter that can only be addressed through the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Organic_law\" target=\"_blank\">Organic Law<\/a>, i.e., the fundamental law of the State.<\/p>\n<p>Second, the court ruled on whether or not the burqa poses a threat to public order and infringes on the equality of women. The court said it was not persuaded by L\u00e9rida city officials that \u201cthe use of the burqa disturbs the public peace, security and public order.\u201d It added: \u201cThe argument that the burqa disturbs our Western culture lacks a convincing demonstration.\u201d Even if there is \u201ccultural friction, a municipality is not the proper entity to address the problem,\u201d it said.<\/p>\n<p>The judges also rejected the argument that the municipal ordinance \u201cis necessary to protect the equality of women.\u201d On the contrary, the court said, a burqa ban could produce the \u201cperverse effect of preventing the integration of [Muslim] women in public spaces\u201d because it would result in the \u201cconfinement of [Muslim] women in their homes.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The court said that \u201cregardless of how great the burqa clashes with our cultural conceptions\u201d it cannot be determined whether the act of using the burqa \u201cis a voluntary act or not.\u201d In any case, the judges said the burqa ban cannot be justified on the mere supposition that \u201cwomen wearing the burqa in our public spaces do so against their own will, due to an external compulsion that runs counter to the equality of women.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In reaching its conclusion, the Spanish high court said it examined comparative law as well as jurisprudence stemming from the European Court of Human Rights. It concluded that there is \u201cno legal consensus\u201d on the burqa issue, nor is there a \u201csafe and reliable\u201d jurisprudential pattern. It noted that only two other European countries have banned the burqa, namely Belgium and France. In addition, more than a dozen towns and cities in Spain imposed burqa bans.<\/p>\n<p>In any case, the court said its ruling would not \u201cprejudge\u201d the possibility that the Spanish government could someday seek to amend the Organic Law and implement a burqa ban at the national level.<\/p>\n<p>The court pointed to a motion approved by the Spanish Senate in June 2010, which urged the Spanish government to \u201cuse all options under our legal system and to proceed with rules to prohibit the public use of the burqa and the niqab to ensure equality, freedom and security.\u201d The Senate language also called on Spain to outlaw \u201cany usage, custom or discriminatory practice that limits the freedom of women.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Up until now, however, no efforts have been made to seek a nationwide burqa ban. All eyes in Spain are focused on the economic and social crisis plaguing the country, and considering the extreme polarization of Spanish politics, a burqa ban seems unlikely anytime soon.<\/p>\n<p>Even if a burqa ban were to be approved by the Spanish Parliament, it would still need to be vetted by the Supreme Court to determine its compatibility with the Spanish Constitution and the European Convention on Human Rights.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.coe.int\/t\/commissioner\/Viewpoints\/100308_en.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Council of Europe<\/a>, the European institution dealing with human rights issues, recently warned national governments against imposing a complete ban, saying that it would constitute an \u201cill-advised invasion of individual privacy.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Union of Islamic Communities of Spain (UCIDE) celebrated the Supreme Court decision, saying that it \u201crecognizes the exercise of religious freedom.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The president of the UCIDE, <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riay_Tatary\" target=\"_blank\">Riay Tatary<\/a>, said the burqa ban \u201cscares people\u201d and encourages a \u201chostile posture\u201d toward Muslim women. \u201cWe disagreed with the ordinance because bans always create a backlash,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>The mayor of L\u00e9rida, <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u00c0ngel_Ros\" target=\"_blank\">\u00c0ngel Ros<\/a>, a Socialist, said that he will abide by the Supreme Court decision, although he does not agree with it. Ros said he regretted the deletion of a municipal ordinance that \u201censured equality between men and women and non-discrimination.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ros said: \u201cObviously, we must abide by a decision by the Supreme Court, but we do not agree with it, because at base the ordinance was meant to ensure equality and prevent the discrimination of women who are forced to wear the burqa against their own will.\u201d He said he would call on the Catalan Parliament and the Spanish Congress to legislate a burqa ban.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"SoerenKern.com\" href=\"http:\/\/www.soerenkern.com\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Soeren Kern<\/em><\/a><em> is a Senior Fellow at the New York-based <\/em><a title=\"Gatestone Institute\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gatestoneinstitute.org\/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Gatestone Institute<\/em><\/a><em>. He is also Senior Fellow for European Politics at the Madrid-based Grupo de Estudios Estrat\u00e9gicos \/ Strategic Studies Group. Follow him on <\/em><a title=\"Soeren Kern Facebook\" href=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Soeren.Kern\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Facebook<\/em><\/a><em> and on <a title=\"Soeren Kern Twitter\" href=\"http:\/\/twitter.com\/SoerenKern\" target=\"_blank\">Twitter<\/a>.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Link to Original Article: <a title=\"Spain: Supreme Court Overturns Burqa Ban\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gatestoneinstitute.org\/3610\/spain-burqa-ban\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.gatestoneinstitute.org\/3610\/spain-burqa-ban<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Spanish Supreme Court has ruled that a municipal ordinance banning the wearing of Islamic burqas in public spaces is unconstitutional.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[48,109],"tags":[143,181,177],"class_list":["post-5624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-islam-in-europe","category-spain-islam-in-europe","tag-burqa-bans","tag-islam-in-europe","tag-spain"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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