{"id":7927,"date":"2023-05-09T13:35:56","date_gmt":"2023-05-09T12:35:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/soerenkern.com\/?p=7927"},"modified":"2024-10-27T21:32:28","modified_gmt":"2024-10-27T20:32:28","slug":"german-capital-lifts-hijab-ban-on-public-school-teachers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/soerenkern.com\/web\/2023\/05\/09\/german-capital-lifts-hijab-ban-on-public-school-teachers\/","title":{"rendered":"German Capital Lifts Hijab Ban on Public School Teachers"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Muslim teachers in Berlin, the German capital, have been authorized to wear Islamic headscarves in the classroom after a court determined that the city\u2019s religious neutrality law, which imposes a blanket ban on sectarian clothing and symbols in public schools, is discriminatory and unconstitutional.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

German Capital Lifts Hijab Ban on Public School Teachers<\/h3>\n

Soeren Kern | Focus on Western Islamism<\/a> | May 9, 2023<\/p>\n

Muslim teachers in Berlin, the German capital, have been authorized to wear Islamic headscarves in the classroom after a court determined that the city\u2019s religious neutrality law, which imposes a blanket ban on sectarian clothing and symbols in public schools, is discriminatory and unconstitutional. Muslim Brotherhood associated figures and organizations were instrumental in reversing the ban and are treating the decision as a major victory.<\/p>\n

Berlin is one of eight German states with neutrality laws of this type.\u00a0Berlin\u2019s abandonment of this measure is likely now to lead to\u00a0Islamist<\/span>\u00a0efforts to rescind parallel laws in the other states.<\/p>\n

German political commentator, Anabel Schunke, who has followed the headscarf ban issue for many years, told\u00a0FWI<\/em>\u00a0that the policy change, which marks the latest chapter of a decades long legal battle between\u00a0Islamists<\/span>\u00a0and their opponents over headscarves, is \u201ca symptom of the general incapability of German politicians to realize that criticizing the archaic rules of radical Islam has nothing to do with racism.\u201d Headscarves, she said, \u201care not \u2018just a piece of cloth\u2019 but a symbol of political Islam.\u201d She added that the pressure within the Muslim community to wear a headscarf \u201chas been increasing for years\u201d and \u201cthe more girls with headscarves in school, the greater the pressure on the others.\u201d A teacher with a headscarf \u201cwill make the situation even worse.\u201d<\/p>\n

Berlin\u2019s two-decade-old neutrality law, which was designed to combat the spread of political Islam in the public school system, has long been a target for the Muslim Brotherhood and other Islamist groups that \u2014\u00a0mirroring<\/a>\u00a0the U.S.-based Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) \u2014 have fought tooth and nail against headscarf bans.<\/p>\n

Berlin\u2019s Neutrality Act (Neutralit\u00e4tsgesetz<\/em>) was\u00a0promulgated<\/a>\u00a0in January 2005 amid a raging nationwide debate over the growing presence of Islamist symbols \u2014 exemplified by the\u00a0hijab<\/em><\/a>\u00a0and other female head coverings \u2014 in public sector institutions. The measure focuses on public schools because teachers in Germany are civil servants.<\/p>\n

The neutrality law\u00a0prohibits<\/a>\u00a0\u201cteachers and other employees with a pedagogical mandate\u201d from wearing \u201cvisible religious or ideological symbols that demonstrate affiliation to a specific religious or ideological community\u201d including \u201cconspicuous religious or ideological clothing\u201d while on the job in public primary and secondary schools. This includes Islamic headscarves as well as Christian crosses and Jewish skullcaps.<\/p>\n

Ever since the law entered into force, Islamist groups, including some with ties to the Muslim Brotherhood, have tried to nullify it through anti-\u201cIslamophobia<\/span>\u201d campaigns, government lobbying, and strategic lawsuits.<\/p>\n

One such legal action involved a Muslim woman who was\u00a0fired<\/a>\u00a0from a teaching position in Berlin in 2017 because she refused to remove her headscarf in the classroom. In August 2020, Germany\u2019s Federal Labor Court (Bundesarbeitsgericht<\/em>)\u00a0ruled<\/a>\u00a0in the woman\u2019s favor. It\u00a0declared<\/a>\u00a0that a blanket ban on wearing a Muslim headscarf on the job \u201cviolates the freedom of religion\u201d that is protected by Article 4 of the German Constitution, known as the Basic Law (Grundgesetz<\/em>). The court\u00a0ordered<\/a>\u00a0Berlin to pay the woman more than 5,000 euros in compensation. Berlin appealed the decision.<\/p>\n

In January 2023, Germany\u2019s Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht<\/em>)\u00a0upheld<\/a>\u00a0the lower court\u2019s ruling by declining to review the case. The decision, which is final, was in line with a previous\u00a0ruling<\/a>\u00a0by the same court in January 2015 which held that a blanket ban on headscarves for teachers in public schools in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia was unconstitutional. The judges\u00a0declared<\/a>\u00a0that attempts to \u201cprivilege Western Christian educational and cultural values\u201d violate the Basic Law.<\/p>\n

On March 28, the Berlin Senate Department for Education (Senatsbildungsverwaltung<\/em>) sent a\u00a0circular<\/a>\u00a0to all public school principals in the German capital,\u00a0stating<\/a>\u00a0that Berlin\u2019s government will henceforth \u201cmove away from its previous literal application of the neutrality law.\u201d It explained that it would abandon a blanket prohibition on religious clothing and symbols, which will only be banned from classrooms \u201cin cases where there is a specific threat to school peace or if it endangers state neutrality.\u201d<\/p>\n

The demise of Berlin\u2019s Neutrality Act is a major victory for the Muslim Brotherhood and its affiliated organizations, which have long opposed the law. One of these groups is a Berlin-based Islamic association called\u00a0Inssan<\/a>\u00a0(Arabic for \u201cpeople\u201d), which is tied to the Brotherhood and generously\u00a0funded<\/a>\u00a0by George Soros\u2019s Open Society Foundations (OSF).<\/p>\n

Inssan\u00a0operates<\/a>\u00a0from the premises of an Islamist group called Muslim Youth in Germany (Muslimische Jugend in Deutschland, MJD<\/em>), a proselytizing organization\u00a0dedicated<\/a>\u00a0to spreading fundamentalist Islam among Muslim and non-Muslim children. The property that houses Inssan was\u00a0purchased<\/a>\u00a0by one of Europe\u2019s most prominent Muslim Brotherhood operatives, the Egyptian-German Islamist Ibrahim El-Zayat.<\/p>\n

Although MJD claims to be independent, an investigation by the German Parliament (Bundestag<\/em>)\u00a0revealed<\/a>\u00a0that it is closely tied to the Muslim Brotherhood and its affiliate, the Brussels-based Forum of European Muslim Youth and Student Organizations (FEMYSO), an influential Islamist group that\u00a0actively opposes<\/a>\u00a0European laws that promote secularism.<\/p>\n

A key figure in the legal effort to defeat Berlin\u2019s Neutrality Act is Turkish-German lawyer Zeynep \u00c7etin, who was, before\u00a0receiving<\/a>\u00a0unwanted media attention for her aggressive activism, a\u00a0project coordinator<\/a>\u00a0for the so-called Network against Discrimination and Islamophobia (Netzwerks gegen Diskriminierung und Islamfeindlichkeit<\/em>). The group is part of Inssan and is tied to the German Muslim Association (Deutsche Muslimische Gemeinschaft<\/em>, DMG), formerly called the Islamic Community of Germany (Islamische Gemeinschaft in Deutschland<\/em>, IGD), which,\u00a0according<\/a>\u00a0to German intelligence, is the central organization for Muslim Brotherhood followers in Germany.<\/p>\n

Other Islamist groups involved in the campaign to overturn Berlin\u2019s Neutrality Act included the Anti-Discrimination Network of Berlin (ADNB), which was\u00a0founded<\/a>\u00a0by Inssan and the Turkish Federation in Berlin-Brandenburg (TBB), a group that, among other aims, seeks to\u00a0repeal<\/a>\u00a0a longstanding rule that only German may be spoken in city schoolyards because it \u201cdisrespects\u201d Muslim students. ADNB lawyer Maryam Haschemi Yekani\u00a0litigated<\/a>\u00a0the lawsuits aimed at bringing Islamic headscarves into Berlin classrooms.<\/p>\n

Inssan activists also\u00a0exerted influence<\/a>\u00a0on the so-called Expert Commission on Anti-Muslim Racism (Expertenkommission zu antimuslimischem Rassismus<\/em>), which was established by the Berlin Senate to investigate \u201cIslamophobia\u201d in the German capital. The commission\u2019s final report\u00a0criticized<\/a>\u00a0the neutrality law as \u201csystematic and institutionalized discrimination against women with headscarves,\u201d and branded it as an example of \u201cinstitutional and structural anti-Muslim racism.\u201d<\/p>\n

Berlin\u2019s public school system has become a battleground between Islamists and secularists due to mass migration and the\u00a0staggering<\/a>\u00a0number of Muslim students, who comprise the majority in roughly half of the 120 secondary schools in the city. In some schools, more than 90 percent of students are Muslim. This has fueled concerns that Berlin schools are becoming hotbeds of Islamic radicalism and separatism.<\/p>\n

Germany\u2019s largest women\u2019s rights organization, Terre des Femmes,\u00a0denounced<\/a>\u00a0the reversal of Berlin\u2019s Neutrality Act. In a statement it said that \u201cfrom a Western point of view, we tend to view the headscarf from a non-political perspective,\u201d but \u201cin political Islam, which is not compatible with the basic values of our democracy, the headscarf manifests the unequal treatment of men and women.\u201d It added that Muslim girls who do not wear a headscarf often \u201csuffer religious bullying\u201d and are sometimes \u201creferred to as \u2018sluts\u2019 and \u2018unclean whores,\u2019\u201d and that teachers wearing headscarves will \u201creinforce such stereotypes.\u201d<\/p>\n

German\u00a0Islamism<\/span>\u00a0expert Zara Riffler\u00a0wrote<\/a>\u00a0that the defeat of Berlin\u2019s Neutrality Act \u201cis a success for political Islam, which for years has fought it in the courts and lobbied against it in politics.\u201d She described the law\u2019s reversal as \u201ca step backwards\u201d for Berlin.<\/p>\n

Anabel Schunke, the German political commentator, told\u00a0FWI<\/em>\u00a0that Germany is losing the fight against Islamism. \u201cIf you ask me, it is already too late,\u201d she said. \u201cIn many German schools (not only in big cities like Berlin) most of the students are migrants, most of them Muslims. Muslim kids are not integrating into the German culture, but rather, German kids are integrating into the Islamic culture.\u201d<\/p>\n

Soeren Kern is a Middle East Forum Writing Fellow<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Muslim teachers in Berlin, the German capital, have been authorized to wear Islamic headscarves in the classroom after a court determined that the city\u2019s religious neutrality law, which imposes a blanket ban on sectarian clothing and symbols in public schools, is discriminatory and unconstitutional.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[34,48],"tags":[179,181,252],"class_list":["post-7927","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-germany","category-islam-in-europe","tag-germany","tag-islam-in-europe","tag-muslim-brotherhood"],"yoast_head":"\nGerman Capital Lifts Hijab Ban on Public School Teachers - Soeren Kern | Geopolitical Perspectives on Europe, America and the Middle East<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/soerenkern.com\/web\/2023\/05\/09\/german-capital-lifts-hijab-ban-on-public-school-teachers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"German Capital Lifts Hijab Ban on Public School Teachers - 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