{"id":7982,"date":"2023-10-25T19:48:29","date_gmt":"2023-10-25T18:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/soerenkern.com\/?p=7982"},"modified":"2025-11-21T20:06:41","modified_gmt":"2025-11-21T19:06:41","slug":"frances-abaya-ban-survives-legal-challenges-for-now","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/soerenkern.com\/web\/2023\/10\/25\/frances-abaya-ban-survives-legal-challenges-for-now\/","title":{"rendered":"France’s Abaya Ban Survives Legal Challenges, For Now"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

France\u2019s highest administrative court has rejected two legal challenges aimed at overturning a ban on abayas \u2014 full-length robes worn by some Muslim women and girls \u2014 in public schools.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

France’s Abaya Ban Survives Legal Challenges, For Now<\/h3>\n

Soeren Kern | Middle East Forum<\/a> | October 25, 2023<\/p>\n

France\u2019s highest administrative court, the Council of State (Conseil d\u2019\u00c9tat<\/em>), has rejected two legal challenges aimed at overturning a ban on abayas \u2014 full-length robes worn by some Muslim women and girls \u2014 in public schools.<\/p>\n

The court\u2019s upholding of the abaya ban represents a setback, albeit a temporary one, for Islamist groups that have been encouraging Muslims to don Islamic clothing in public spaces to test the limits of France\u2019s principle of state secularism, known as la\u00efcit\u00e9<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Observers warn that the fight against Islamist encroachment in France is far from over. French sociologist Florence Bergeaud-Blackler, an expert in the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s activities in Europe, told Focus on Western Islamism<\/em> (FWI) that Islamists will continue to search for ways to reverse the ban. \u201cIt is clear that the Muslim Brothers will never give up this fight because the sexual division of labor (division sexuelle du travail<\/em>) that Islamic clothing establishes is a pillar of the Islamic society they want to impose,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

On August 27, France\u2019s education minister, Gabriel Attal,\u00a0announced<\/a>\u00a0that the government would ban students from wearing abayas in public middle and high schools. \u201cI have decided that the abaya can no longer be worn in schools,\u201d he said in an\u00a0interview<\/a>\u00a0with TF1 television. \u201cWhen you walk into a classroom, you should not be able to identify the religion of the pupils just by looking at them,\u201d he explained.<\/p>\n

Attal\u00a0added<\/a>\u00a0that wearing an abaya in school was \u201ca religious gesture, aimed at testing the resistance of the Republic on the secular sanctuary that the school must constitute.\u201d He vowed that \u201cwhere the school is tested, we must stand together.\u201d<\/p>\n

On August 31, in a\u00a0memo<\/a>\u00a0addressed to 850,000 French public school teachers and the parents of 12 million pupils, Attal announced that qamis \u2014 the male version of the abaya \u2014 would also be banned from public schools in France.<\/p>\n

Attal\u00a0noted<\/a>\u00a0that the ban on abayas and qamis is aimed at forcing compliance with a March 2004 law that\u00a0prohibits<\/a>\u00a0the wearing of conspicuous religious symbols \u2014 including the Islamic hijab or headscarf \u2014 in public schools in France.<\/p>\n

The aim of the 2004 law was to bring the practice of Islam in France into conformity with the 1905\u00a0law on secularism<\/a>\u00a0(la\u00efcit\u00e9<\/em>), which has failed to prevent the advance of Islamism in France. The 2004 law had been relatively successfully until October 2020, when a Chechen Islamist\u00a0beheaded<\/a>\u00a0Samuel Paty, a French middle school teacher, over a dispute about freedom of expression.<\/p>\n

Since then, French authorities have observed an exponential increase in \u201cbreaches of secularity\u201d in public schools. A three-page intelligence document\u00a0leaked<\/a>\u00a0to the newspaper\u00a0Le Figaro<\/em>\u00a0in August 2023\u00a0revealed<\/a>\u00a0a \u201cworrying increase\u201d in \u201cattacks\u201d on secularism \u2014 in particular an \u201cexplosion\u201d of religious symbols and outfits \u2014 in schools. The report noted that 4,710 complaints were filed during the 2022-2023 school year, compared to 2,167 in 2021-2022. \u201cThe 2022-2023 school year was marked by a sharp increase in the number of reports of attacks on secularism and the category of wearing signs and outfits not respecting the law of March 15, 2004,\u201d the document stated.<\/p>\n

French government spokesman Olivier V\u00e9ran\u00a0described<\/a>\u00a0the wearing of abayas as \u201ca political attack\u201d on secularism and said the increase is being fueled by Islamist influencers on social media. \u201cWhen you make calls on social networks to come to public establishments with ostentatious clothing, you are engaging in politics, proselytizing,\u201d he declared.<\/p>\n

The abaya ban has been widely condemned by Islamist activists on social media as \u201cIslamophobic.\u201d One of the most vocal opponents of the ban has been 40-year-old Elias d\u2019Imzal\u00e8ne, a self-styled \u201cMuslim community influencer\u201d who refers to himself as an \u201cIslamian\u201d rather than an Islamist. In an\u00a0interview<\/a>\u00a0with\u00a0Le Monde<\/em>, he said the ban was part of an effort to \u201cdefine secularism, and ultimately Frenchness, as the antithesis of Islam.\u201d<\/p>\n

D\u2019Imzal\u00e8ne\u00a0predicted<\/a>\u00a0the abaya ban will fail because France \u201chas changed\u201d and \u201cbecome mixed.\u201d He said the recent riots that engulfed the country \u201cshowed that that there is a Muslim youth that no longer wants to remain silent and bow down. This generation does not ask for its rights, it exercises them.\u201d<\/p>\n

French President Emmanuel Macron took to social media to\u00a0defend<\/a>\u00a0the abaya ban. In an interview with a 26-year-old French Youtuber, who goes by the name HugoD\u00e9crypte and has more than a million followers, Macron said that \u201cthere is no room for religious symbols in the classroom\u201d and that \u201cthe school must remain a neutral place.\u201d Referring to Islamists, Macron said that \u201cwe live in a society in which a minority of people are hijacking a religion and challenging the French Republic and secularism.\u201d He insisted that it was necessary for the government to be \u201cuncompromising and clear\u201d on the abaya issue.<\/p>\n

On September 5, the Council of State\u00a0rejected<\/a>\u00a0a lawsuit filed by Muslim Rights Action (Action Droits des Musulmans, ADM<\/em>), which asked the court to suspend the ban. ADM, an Islamist human rights group established in 2015 to fight \u201cIslamophobia<\/span>,\u201d\u00a0argued<\/a>\u00a0that ban is an \u201cillegal attack on freedom of worship\u201d and \u201cinfringes the rights of the child, because it mainly targets children presumed to be Muslim, thus creating a risk of ethnic profiling at school.\u201d<\/p>\n

The court\u00a0ruled<\/a>\u00a0that the wearing of abayas and qamis are \u201cpart of a logic of religious affirmation\u201d and therefore prohibited in public schools. The court\u00a0added<\/a>\u00a0that the ban \u201cdoes not constitute a serious and manifestly illegal attack on a fundamental freedom.\u201d<\/p>\n

On September 25, the Council of State\u00a0rejected<\/a>\u00a0a second lawsuit filed by two associations and a teachers union that sought to overturn the ban due to \u201cthe existence of serious doubt\u201d about its legality. The court\u00a0ruled<\/a>\u00a0that \u201cthere is no serious doubt about the legality of the ban.\u201d The Council of State did, however, describe its ruling as a \u201cprovisional decision,\u201d and informed that the court will render a final decision (jugement au fond<\/em>\u00a0or judgment on the merits) later, after an in-depth appraisal (instruction approfondie<\/em>) of the issue.<\/p>\n

Bergeaud-Blackler, the French Islam expert, told\u00a0FWI<\/em>\u00a0that the court\u2019s failure to render a definitive decision now creates legal ambiguity that Islamist groups will try to exploit with further lawsuits.<\/p>\n

The French Council for the Muslim Faith (Conseil fran\u00e7ais du culte musulman, CFCM<\/em>), and Islamic umbrella group that has\u00a0refused<\/a>\u00a0to cooperate with the French government\u2019s fight against Islamist separatism,\u00a0argued<\/a>\u00a0that the ban creates \u201chigh risks of discrimination\u201d and that it \u201creserves the right to refer the matter to the Council of State if the concrete application of this prohibitory measure results in forms of discrimination.\u201d<\/p>\n

Opinion polls show massive voter support for the abaya ban. A recent IFOP poll\u00a0found<\/a>\u00a0that 81% of French people approve the measure and a large majority (70%) believe that abayas and qamis are religious garments. By contrast, two-thirds (66%) of Muslim respondents in the poll said they oppose the ban.<\/p>\n

French Islamism expert Gilles Kepel, who was a member of the commission that recommended the 2004 ban on religious clothing in public schools,\u00a0insists<\/a>\u00a0that the abaya ban has \u201cnothing to do with stigmatizing Muslims in general\u201d and everything to do with the government\u2019s fight against political Islam. In an\u00a0interview<\/a>\u00a0with Sud Radio, he said that the decades-long debate about Islamic clothing in France has always been fueled by the Muslim Brotherhood, which seeks to \u201cmark its territory \u2014 young people \u2014 by enforcing the injunctions of sharia in their personal domain.\u201d<\/p>\n

Soeren Kern is a Middle East Forum Writing Fellow.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

France\u2019s highest administrative court has rejected two legal challenges aimed at overturning a ban on abayas \u2014 full-length robes worn by some Muslim women and girls \u2014 in public schools.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[107,48],"tags":[52,21,181,252],"class_list":["post-7982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-france-islam-in-europe","category-islam-in-europe","tag-france","tag-immigration","tag-islam-in-europe","tag-muslim-brotherhood"],"yoast_head":"\nFrance's Abaya Ban Survives Legal Challenges, For Now - Soeren Kern | Geopolitical Perspectives on Europe, America and the Middle East<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/soerenkern.com\/web\/2023\/10\/25\/frances-abaya-ban-survives-legal-challenges-for-now\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"France's Abaya Ban Survives Legal Challenges, For Now - 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