{"id":8031,"date":"2024-02-19T12:53:01","date_gmt":"2024-02-19T11:53:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/soerenkern.com\/web\/?p=8031"},"modified":"2025-11-21T19:29:48","modified_gmt":"2025-11-21T18:29:48","slug":"frances-half-baked-plan-to-fight-islamist-separatism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/soerenkern.com\/web\/2024\/02\/19\/frances-half-baked-plan-to-fight-islamist-separatism\/","title":{"rendered":"France’s Half-Baked Plan to Fight Islamist Separatism"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

A new ban on foreign-appointed imams in France is aimed at combating Islamist separatism, but the policy risks making matters worse by handing future decisions about hiring imams over to local groups affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

France’s Half-Baked Plan to Fight Islamist Separatism<\/h3>\n

Soeren Kern | Middle East Forum<\/a> | February 19, 2024<\/p>\n

A new ban on foreign-appointed imams in France is aimed at combating Islamist separatism, but the policy risks making matters worse by handing future decisions about hiring imams over to local groups affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood.<\/p>\n

As of January 1, 2024, imams employed at mosques in France must be homegrown: fluent in French, knowledgeable about French culture and society, including secularism, and partially or wholly trained in France. The new policy, which ends the long-standing practice of importing imams from abroad, seeks to curb political and theological interference from foreign countries.<\/p>\n

The change abolishes<\/a> the long running system of so-called consular Islam (l\u2019islam consulaire<\/em>), which began after French decolonization in the 1960s and consisted of bilateral agreements between France and Muslim countries \u2014 mainly Algeria, Morocco, and Turkey \u2014 to provide imams to serve in French mosques. France, addressing a shortfall of qualified clerics at French mosques, issued residence permits to foreign imams for renewable four-year periods, while Muslim countries paid the clerics\u2019 salaries.<\/p>\n

In recent years, the arrangement became increasingly strained as foreign governments sought to exercise religious and political control over their respective diasporas. Efforts by French leaders to enforce the 1905\u00a0law<\/a>\u00a0on secularism (la\u00efcit\u00e9<\/em>), which declares that the state is neutral with respect to religion, were often challenged and opposed by the leaders of the countries whose imams were serving in France. For example, in 2020, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan condemned<\/a>\u00a0French President Emmanuel Macron\u2019s effort to counter Turkish\u00a0Islamism<\/span>\u00a0in his country. Moroccan officials have also\u00a0resisted<\/a>\u00a0Macron\u2019s pledge to \u201cfree Islam in France from foreign influences.\u201d<\/p>\n

The decision to ban foreign-appointed imams \u2014 sometimes referred to as \u201cseconded imams\u201d (imams d\u00e9tach\u00e9s<\/em>) or foreign state civil servants (fonctionnaires d\u2019Etat \u00e9trangers<\/em>) \u2014 was originally announced by French President Emmanuel Macron in two speeches (one<\/a>\u00a0in February 2020 in Mulhouse and\u00a0another<\/a>\u00a0in October 2020 in Les Mureaux) in which he spelled out a detailed plan to \u201cfree Islam in France from foreign influences\u201d and rid France of what he called \u201cIslamist separatism.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cLaw Won\u2019t Change Much\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

The new policy involves approximately 270 out of the 2,700 imams officiating at 2,500 mosques in France. They include 150 imams from Turkey, 120 from Algeria, and around 30 from Morocco,\u00a0according<\/a>\u00a0to the French Senate.<\/p>\n

Observers say that France\u2019s new policy has at least five glaring flaws that make its implementation either futile or counterproductive: 1) it hands future decisions about hiring imams over to local mosques, many of which are controlled by the Muslim Brotherhood or other Islamist groups; 2) homegrown imams are often more separatist than those appointed by foreign governments; 3) France lacks sufficient imam training facilities; 4) most mosques in France cannot afford to pay the salaries for imams; and 5) social media is often a far greater driver for Islamic radicalization in France than foreign-appointed imams.<\/p>\n

First, France\u2019s new system for recruiting imams transfers that responsibility from foreign governments to French mosques, many of which are controlled by Islamist groups and receive financing from abroad. French law\u00a0requires<\/a>\u00a0only that mosques declare all foreign funding over 15,300 euros annually. In practice, barring a change to existing law, foreign governments can and will continue to control mosques even if they do not directly appoint the imams who preach in them.<\/p>\n

French anthropologist Florence Bergeaud-Blackler, an expert on the Muslim Brotherhood in Europe, said that the French government\u2019s plan, which involves only 10 percent of imams in France, is \u201cnot a solution\u201d and that the goal of eradicating radical Islam \u201cwill not be achieved.\u201d She\u00a0noted<\/a>\u00a0that simply controlling imams \u201cwill not solve anything\u201d because \u201cit is those who finance the mosques who exercise control, not the imams, who are only prayer guides.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bergeaud-Blackler\u00a0added<\/a>\u00a0that the problem of Islamic radicalism in France encompasses far more than just imams and mosques. She said that Islamism has spread from mosques to enter \u201cunions, universities, associations, sports halls, fashion, and the entire halal economy\u201d due to \u201cthe actions of the Muslim Brotherhood.\u201d She warned that banning detached imams \u201cwill rather favor the Muslim Brotherhood, a globalized movement which seeks to detach itself from all state supervision.\u201d<\/p>\n

Second, foreign imams are just as likely as homegrown ones to promote Islamic radicalism. As\u00a0Focus on Western Islamism<\/em>\u00a0(FWI) has\u00a0documented<\/a>, since Hamas\u2019s October 7 massacre of more than a thousand Israelis, French imams have repeatedly incited violence against Jews and Israel by falsely accusing the Jewish state of committing \u201cgenocide\u201d against Palestinians.<\/p>\n

Bernard Godard, a prominent expert on French Islam,\u00a0doubts<\/a>\u00a0whether a ban on foreign-appointed imams is an effective way to fight Islamist separatism. \u201cThe most radical imams are French imams who know society better and are therefore more attuned to comfortably advocating a separatist discourse,\u201d he said, adding, \u201cdetached imams are precisely those who are most controlled compared to others.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tareq Oubrou, rector of the Grand Mosque of Bordeaux, agrees. \u201cThere are many imams who are French and who have a discourse that is not necessarily extremist, but which can inspire separatism,\u201d he\u00a0told<\/a>\u00a0Radio France. \u201cThere is theological separatism, which is not violent, but which can put the French Muslim in a symbolically separatist situation, because there are practices which isolate Muslims from society.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bergeaud-Blackler, the Islam expert,\u00a0noted<\/a>\u00a0that most imams in France are already homegrown \u2014 second-generation immigrants who were born or socialized in France \u2014 and many of them deliver sermons that are \u201cunsuitable for the French context.\u201d She added that banning the practice of consular Islam \u201cwill not prevent foreign imams from officiating in France and being paid by private funds.\u201d<\/p>\n

Third, only\u00a0two schools<\/a>\u00a0in France currently train future imams. The\u00a0Al-Ghazali Institute<\/a>\u00a0of the Grand Mosque of Paris (L\u2019Institut Al-Ghazali de la Grande Mosqu\u00e9e de Paris<\/em>), which has a half dozen extension programs nationwide, and the\u00a0European Institute of Human Sciences<\/a>\u00a0(L\u2019Institut Europ\u00e9en des Sciences Humaines, IESH<\/em>), which is\u00a0controlled<\/a>\u00a0by the Muslim Brotherhood and\u00a0receives<\/a>\u00a0financing from Qatar.<\/p>\n

Both institutions claim to promote moderate Islam, but both are suspected of promoting radicalism. Al-Ghazali\u2019s rector, Chems-Eddine Hafiz, the Algeria-born head imam of the Grand Mosque of Paris, one of the largest and most influential mosques in France, has been\u00a0accused<\/a>\u00a0of engaging in \u201cdoublespeak\u201d to conceal his alleged ties to\u00a0Islamists<\/span>. IESH,\u00a0surveilled<\/a>\u00a0by French intelligence services for advocating radical Islam, has been\u00a0described<\/a>\u00a0as \u201cone of the flagships of the Brotherhood movement.\u201d<\/p>\n

Fourth, the new law requires mosques to pay the salaries of imams, but most cannot afford to do so. Hafiz, rector of the Grand Mosque of Paris, said that his organization, one of the largest in France, cannot pay for more than a few imams. \u201cI could hire three or four. If it were three, it would already cost me \u20ac90,000 per year,\u201d he\u00a0said<\/a>\u00a0in an interview with\u00a0La Croix<\/em>.<\/p>\n

IESH Dean Larabi Becheri\u00a0said<\/a>\u00a0that even when students graduate, only a few become imams because of low pay and a lack of retirement or social welfare benefits. \u201cThe profession of imam does not appeal to a majority of young Muslims,\u201d he concluded.<\/p>\n

French Senator Nathalie Goulet has\u00a0proposed<\/a>\u00a0collecting royalties on France\u2019s 6-billion-euro\u00a0halal<\/em>\u00a0sector to pay the salaries of imams in France. But to arrive at this solution it would be necessary to tackle its opacity. \u201cThe income from slaughter taxes, imam certificates, and so forth,\u201d she said, \u201cconstitute a totally opaque whole, the secrets of which are well kept between three large mosques \u2014 Paris, Lyon and \u00c9vry \u2014 which do not want transparency to be achieved at any price.\u201d<\/p>\n

Fifth, social media is often a far greater driver of Islamic radicalization in France than foreign-appointed imams. Oubrou, the imam of Bordeaux,\u00a0described<\/a>\u00a0the government\u2019s plan as \u201csuperficial\u201d and \u201ca very small part\u201d of the solution. \u201cToday, separatism develops more on social networks than in mosques, within virtual communities rather than physical and collective spaces,\u201d he said. \u201cImams have become YouTubers and social media influencers with profit motives.\u201d<\/p>\n

Senator Goulet, in an essay for the news magazine\u00a0Valeurs Actuelles<\/em>,\u00a0concluded<\/a>\u00a0that banning foreign-appointed imams \u201cwill not alone resolve the separatist excesses of radical Islamism.\u201d She warned that \u201cbesides the online hate preachers and the infamous Imam Google, there remain deadly and active influencers in our country, and in Europe, such as the Muslim Brotherhood networks, which must be fought with firmness and without naivety.\u201d<\/p>\n

Soeren Kern is a Middle East Forum Writing Fellow.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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